Ms. Liu: Recently, I came across a quality inspection report on bedding products conducted by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Industry and Commerce. It mentioned that some bedding items failed to meet standards due to issues like excessive pH levels and poor color fastness. I also read about another inspection at the end of last year where a well-known brand was found to contain azo dyes that break down into harmful aromatic amines. I'm wondering—what kind of health risks do theseä¸åˆæ ¼ (unqualified) indicators pose? Are they dangerous to human health? I'd like to hear from experts.
**Understanding Health Risks**
According to the Beijing Municipal Administration of Industry and Commerce's monitoring results, certain bedding products exceeded limits in dye fastness, washing shrinkage rate, and pH value. What do these terms mean, and how can unqualified bedding affect safety?
Wang Baojun, director of the National Textile Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, explained that high or low pH levels, excessive formaldehyde, and azo dyes in bedding can be harmful to health. He noted that if the pH level on the bedding is too high or too low, it may irritate the skin and make it more susceptible to bacterial infections.
Azo dyes that release carcinogenic aromatic amines are particularly dangerous. These substances can be absorbed through the skin when in contact with the body over time. Under normal metabolic conditions, the dyes may undergo chemical reactions that release the harmful amines, potentially damaging DNA and increasing cancer risk.
Additionally, if the formaldehyde content is too high, it can gradually release into the air, especially in enclosed spaces like bedrooms. Formaldehyde is known to cause irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin, leading to inflammation and discomfort.
**Checking for Quality and Usability**
From the reports, it seems that color fastness and washing shrinkage rate are common issues found in quality inspections. These factors directly affect the product’s usability and long-term performance.
Color fastness refers to how well the fabric retains its color after washing or use. If the color fastness is too low (e.g., 1-2 grade), the fabric may fade quickly or transfer color to other clothes. The standard is usually around 3-4 grades, so anything below that could significantly reduce the product's lifespan.
The washing dimensional change rate measures how much the size of the bedding changes after being washed. If this is not up to standard, the product may shrink or deform, making it uncomfortable or unusable after a few washes.
Odor is also an important factor in quality checks. Wang Baojun pointed out that during production, some chemicals are added to achieve flame resistance or anti-static properties. If not properly rinsed, these residues can cause strong, unpleasant smells. According to national standards, certain odors like musty, oily, fishy, or aromatic smells are strictly prohibited in bedding and clothing.
**Simple Ways to Spot Poor Quality**
While most consumers can't test products scientifically, there are simple ways to identify potential issues. “First, smell the product,†said Wang. “If it has a strong chemical odor, it's best to avoid it.†He also suggested avoiding overly bright or dark colors, as they may indicate the use of unsafe dyes. Red and black fabrics, for example, are more likely to contain azo dyes.
Products with heavy patterns should also raise concerns, as they might be glued on and contain more formaldehyde. A quick test is to rub a damp cloth on the fabric—if color comes off, the color fastness is poor, and the product should be avoided.
**Don’t Be Fooled by 'High-Tech' Features**
Many bedding products today claim to have antibacterial or anti-mite features. But according to Wang, these are often just marketing tactics. In reality, such functions may not be as beneficial as they seem.
Antibacterial treatments typically target bacteria like E. coli or Staphylococcus, which are commonly found in everyday life. Most of them don't pose serious health risks unless ingested. For bedding, antibacterial properties aren't really necessary.
Similarly, anti-mite bedding may not be as effective as advertised. Mites are widespread, and even if a product resists them, it doesn't guarantee protection in all environments. Regular washing and ventilation are far more effective than relying on special features.
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