In addition to its primary function of stitching, sewing thread also plays an important decorative role. Although the cost and quantity of thread may not be a major part of the overall garment production, it significantly affects sewing efficiency, quality, and the final appearance. Choosing the right type of thread for different fabrics and situations is one of the more challenging aspects of the process.
Cotton and silk are among the most common natural fibers used in thread production. Cotton thread offers good strength and heat resistance, making it ideal for high-speed sewing and durable pressing. However, it has limited elasticity and wear resistance. After sizing, cotton can be processed into waxed or mercerized threads, which improve strength and reduce friction during sewing, making them suitable for stiff fabrics and leather. Silk thread, on the other hand, is soft, lustrous, and has better strength than regular cotton, often used for mid- to high-end cotton products. However, due to limitations in domestic equipment, cotton thread is still prone to breaking under pressure. While silk thread outperforms cotton in gloss, elasticity, and strength, it is more expensive and less heat-resistant compared to synthetic options like polyester.
Polyester thread is widely used because of its high strength, low shrinkage, and excellent abrasion resistance. It comes in various forms, including staple fiber, short filaments, and low-elastic yarns. Polyester staple fiber is commonly used for sewing cotton, polyester-cotton blends, wool, and mixed fabrics. Low-elastic polyester and nylon threads are popular for knitted garments such as sportswear, undergarments, and tights. Blended polyester-silk threads offer better flexibility, luster, and toughness, making them ideal for delicate fabrics. Ultra-thin materials typically require polyester or nylon threads for optimal performance.
Nylon thread is known for its excellent abrasion resistance, strength, and elasticity, but it has poor heat resistance, making it unsuitable for high-speed sewing or high-temperature ironing. It is commonly used for synthetic fabric garments and for attaching buckles, buttons, and zippers. Nylon monofilament threads are preferred for elastic fabrics that require higher tension. They are often used in edge finishes, pants, sleeves, and buttonholes, as well as for decorative elements like belts, cuffs, and hemlines in women’s clothing.
Blended yarns, such as polyester-cotton and core-spun threads, combine the best qualities of different fibers. Polyester-cotton threads (typically 65% polyester and 35% cotton) offer good wear resistance, heat resistance, and softness, making them suitable for a wide range of fabrics, including cotton, synthetic, and knit materials. Core-spun threads have a cotton outer layer and a polyester core, providing both softness and high strength with minimal shrinkage. These threads are ideal for medium to thick fabrics and high-speed sewing.
Gold and silver threads are used for decorative purposes, especially in traditional Chinese clothing and fashion. Silk-based decorative threads offer a bright, elegant finish, while rayon threads, made from viscose, provide good luster and feel, though with slightly lower strength. Gold and silver threads, often referred to as craft decoration threads, are created by coating polyester fibers with color, offering unique visual effects for patterns, open lines, and embellishments.
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