In addition to its primary function of stitching, sewing thread also plays an important decorative role. While the cost and quantity of thread may not be a major portion of the overall garment, the efficiency, quality, and appearance of the sewing are directly influenced by it. Choosing the right type of thread for different fabrics and situations is one of the more challenging aspects in garment production.
Cotton and silk are two of the most common natural fibers used in sewing threads. Cotton fiber offers good tensile strength and heat resistance, making it ideal for high-speed sewing and long-lasting pressing. However, it has limited elasticity and wear resistance. After sizing, cotton can be processed into waxed or mercerized threads, which improve strength and reduce friction during sewing. These are particularly suitable for stiff fabrics and leather. Silk threads, on the other hand, are soft, shiny, and have improved strength, often used for premium cotton products. However, due to limitations in domestic processing equipment, cotton threads are still prone to breaking under pressure, limiting their application. Compared to cotton, silk threads offer better luster, elasticity, and strength but come at a higher cost and have lower heat resistance and durability than polyester filament threads. Therefore, polyester threads are widely used in synthetic fibers due to their superior performance and affordability.
Polyester threads are highly popular due to their high strength, low shrinkage, excellent abrasion resistance, and heat resistance. They come in various forms, including staple fibers, filaments, and low-elastic yarns. Staple fibers are commonly used for sewing cotton, polyester-cotton blends, wool, and mixed fabrics. Low-elastic polyester and nylon threads are frequently used in knitted garments like sportswear, undergarments, and tights. Blended fibers such as polyester-silk combinations offer better flexibility, luster, and toughness, making them more versatile. For ultra-thin fabrics, polyester and nylon threads are typically preferred.
Nylon threads are known for their high strength, good elasticity, and bright luster. However, they have poor heat resistance, making them unsuitable for high-speed sewing or high-temperature ironing. Nylon filaments are commonly used for synthetic fiber garments and for fastening elements like buckles and buttons. Monofilament nylon threads are ideal for elastic fabrics that require tension, such as seams, hems, and buttonholes. They are also used in decorative elements like belts, cuffs, and hemlines in traditional Chinese clothing.
Blended yarns, such as polyester-cotton blends and core-spun yarns, combine the best properties of both materials. A 65:35 polyester-cotton blend offers good wear resistance, heat resistance, and softness, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrics, including cotton, synthetic fibers, and knits. Core-spun threads, with a cotton outer layer and a polyester core, provide high strength, softness, and minimal shrinkage, making them ideal for medium-weight fabrics and high-speed sewing.
Gold and silver threads are often used for decorative purposes. Silk-based decorative threads offer a smooth, elegant finish, while rayon threads made from viscose have a good sheen and feel, though slightly lower strength. Gold and silver threads, also known as craft decoration threads, are coated with color on the surface of polyester fibers. They are widely used in Chinese clothing and fashion for patterns, open lines, and special embellishments.
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