Non-woven fabrics have become widely used in disposable garments, such as spunlace medical gowns, PP spunbond protective clothing, and SMS medical protective suits. The current development in this field mainly focuses on two areas: one is the improvement of existing materials for better performance in clothing applications, and the other is the creation of entirely new types of non-woven fabrics.
Disposable non-woven fabrics are gaining popularity due to their convenience and cost-effectiveness. Among them, SMS (spunbond-meltblown-spunbond) fabric stands out. It combines the strength of spunbond with the filtration efficiency of meltblown, making it ideal for use in medical and industrial filter applications. Recently, SMS fabric has been enhanced to be breathable and free from fiber dust, offering a barrier against particle exchange between the body and the environment. This makes it suitable for highly controlled environments like pharmaceutical production, bioengineering, and electronics manufacturing.
Spunbond non-woven fabric, made from high-strength continuous fibers, dominates the disposable protective clothing market. Recent innovations include adding special additives or post-treatments during production, which give the fabric flame resistance, anti-static properties, radiation protection, moisture resistance, antibacterial effects, and thermal insulation. These improvements make it more versatile and functional for various applications.
In terms of new fiber developments, water-soluble non-woven fabrics are becoming increasingly popular due to their eco-friendly nature. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are often used in spunlace non-wovens, providing excellent shielding against radiation and pollution. These can be combined with water-soluble films to enhance the protective qualities of the fabric. Additionally, superabsorbent fibers (SAF) are being incorporated into non-woven materials, improving softness and moisture absorption. This is especially beneficial for undergarments, as they can quickly absorb sweat and improve comfort by maintaining a better microclimate between the skin and the garment.
New composite non-woven materials are also emerging. For example, the U.S. has developed a cotton-polypropylene composite non-woven fabric that mimics the feel of pure cotton. It consists of a thermally bonded outer layer and is combined with spunbonded fabric in multiple layers. The material offers good strength, elasticity, moisture absorption, and wicking ability, with an elastic recovery rate of up to 93% after finishing. This makes it ideal for medical isolation gowns and disposable underwear.
Another innovation comes from the U.S. military, which has developed advanced biochemical protective clothing. It integrates woven, knitted, and non-woven materials for optimal performance. The outer layer is a durable nylon/cotton poplin treated for water resistance, followed by a meltblown non-woven layer with activated carbon for chemical protection, and an inner tricot knit for comfort. Compared to traditional protective gear, this design is lighter, more affordable, and can withstand at least three washes without losing effectiveness.
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